Email spoofing is a growing problem for an organization’s security. Spoofing occurs when a hacker sends an email that appears to have been sent from a trusted source/domain. Email spoofing is not a new concept. Defined as “the forgery of an email address header to make the message appear as if it was sent from a person or location other than the actual sender,” it has plagued brands for decades.
When an email is sent, the From address doesn’t show which server the email was actually sent from – instead, it shows the domain that was entered when the address was created so as not to arouse suspicion among recipients.
With the amount of data flowing through email servers these days, it should come as no surprise that spoofing is a problem for businesses. At the end of 2020, we found that phishing incidents were up a staggering 220% year-over-year at the height of the global pandemic scare.
Since not all spoofing attacks are large-scale, the actual number could be much higher. The year is 2021, and the problem seems to be getting worse every year. For this reason, brands are using secure protocols to authenticate their emails and avoid the malicious intent of threat actors.
Email Spoofing: what is it, and how does it work?
Email spoofing is used in phishing attacks to trick users into believing the message is from a person or entity they either know or can trust. A cybercriminal uses a spoofing attack to trick recipients into believing that the message is from someone who is not. In this way, attackers can cause you harm without being able to trace it. If you see an email from IRS that says your refund was sent to another bank account, it may be a spoofing attack.
Phishing attacks can also occur via email spoofing. This is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details (PIN numbers), often for malicious purposes. The term comes from “fishing” for a victim by pretending to be trustworthy.
With SMTP, outgoing messages are assigned a sender address by the client application; outbound email servers have no way of knowing if the sender address is legitimate or spoofed. Therefore, email spoofing is possible because the email system used to represent email addresses provides no way for outbound servers to verify the legitimacy of the sender’s address.
For this reason, large companies in the industry are opting for protocols such as SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authorize their legitimate email addresses and minimize impersonation attacks.
Breaking down the anatomy of an Email Spoofing Attack
Each email client uses a specific application program interface (API) to send an email. Some applications allow the user to configure the sender address of an outgoing message from a drop-down menu of email addresses. However, this capability can also be accessed through scripts written in any language. Each open email message has a sender address that displays the address of the originating user’s email application or service. By reconfiguring the application or service, an attacker can send an email on behalf of anyone.
Let’s just say that it is now possible to send thousands of fake messages from an authentic email domain! Also, you don’t have to be an expert programmer to use this script. Threat actors can edit the code to their liking and start sending a message using someone else’s email domain. This is exactly how an email spoofing attack is perpetrated.
Email Spoofing as a vector for Ransomware
Email spoofing paves the way for malware and ransomware to spread. If you don’t know what Ransomware is, it is malicious software that permanently blocks access to your sensitive data or system and demands a sum of money (ransom) in exchange for decrypting your data again. Ransomware attacks cause businesses and individuals to lose tons of money and suffer huge data breaches.
DMARC and email authentication also act as the first line of defense against ransomware by protecting your domain from the malicious intent of spoofers and impersonators.
Threats to small, medium, and large businesses
Brand identity is critical to the success of a business. Customers are attracted to recognizable brands and rely on them for consistency. But cybercriminals exploit this trust by any means necessary, jeopardizing your customers’ security at risk with phishing emails, malware, and email spoofing activities.
The average organization loses between $20 million and $70 million per year to email fraud. It’s important to note that spoofing can also include violations of trademark rights and other intellectual property, causing significant damage to a company’s reputation and credibility, in the following two ways:
- Your partners or esteemed customers may open a fake email and end up having their confidential information compromised. Cybercriminals can inject ransomware into their system through fake emails impersonating you, resulting in financial losses. Therefore, the next time they may hesitate to open your legitimate emails as well, causing them to lose trust in your brand.
- Recipients’ email servers can flag your legitimate emails as spam and put them in the junk folder due to poor server reputation, drastically affecting your email deliverability.
Either way, without an ounce of doubt, your customer-facing brand will end up being affected by all the complications. Despite the best efforts of the experts at IT, 72% of all cyberattacks begin with a malicious email, and 70% of all data breaches involve social engineering tactics to spoof corporate domains – making email authentication methods like DMARC a critical priority.
DMARC: Your one-stop solution against Email Spoofing
Domain-Based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) is an email authentication protocol that, when properly implemented, can dramatically minimize email spoofing, BEC, and impersonation attacks. DMARC works with two standard authentication practices – SPF and DKIM – to authenticate outbound messages and provides a way to tell receiving servers how to respond to emails that fail authentication checks.
Read more about What is DMARC?
If you want to protect your domain from the malicious intent of spoofers, the first step is to implement DMARC correctly. But before you do that, you need to set up SPF and DKIM for your domain. PowerDMARC’s free SPF and DKIM record generators will help you create and publish these records to your DNS with a single click. After you have successfully configured these protocols, go through the following steps to implement DMARC:
- Generate an error-free DMARC record using PowerDMARC’s free DMARC record generator.
- Publish the record in your domain’s DNS
- Gradually move to a DMARC enforcement policy of p=reject
- Monitor your email ecosystem and get detailed authentication aggregates and forensic (RUA /RUF) reports with this DMARC Analyzer tool
Limitations to overcome when achieving DMARC enforcement
Have you published an error-free DMARC record and moved to an enforcement policy, and yet you’re having email delivery issues? The problem may be much more complicated than you think. In case you didn’t know: Your SPF authentication protocol has a limit of 10 DNS lookups. However, if you use cloud-based email service providers and various third-party providers, you can easily exceed that limit. Once you do, SPF breaks down, and even legitimate emails fail authentication, resulting in your emails ending up in the junk folder or not being delivered at all.
As your SPF record becomes invalid due to too many DNS lookups, your domain, in turn, becomes vulnerable to email spoofing attacks and BEC. Therefore, it is important to stay under the SPF limit of 10 lookups to ensure email deliverability.
For this reason, we recommend PowerSPF, your automatic SPF flattener, which shrinks your SPF record to a single include statement, negating redundant and nested IP addresses. We also periodically check to see if your service providers have made changes to their respective IP addresses to ensure that your SPF record is always up to date.
PowerDMARC compiles a range of email authentication protocols, including SPF, DKIM, DMARC, MTA-STS, TLS-RPT, and BIMI, to enhance your domain’s reputation and deliverability. Sign up today to receive your free DMARC analyzer.